III. THE PABBÂGANIYA-KAMMA (ACT OF BANISHMENT).
13 1.
1. Now at that time the Bhikkhus who were followers of Assagi and Punabbasu were
dwelling on the Kitâ Hill, wicked Bhikkhus, and shameless. Such as these were
the evil practices they followed: they used to plant cuttings of flowers, and
have them planted; they used to water flowers, and have them watered; they used
to gather them, and have them gathered; they used to make them up into nosegays,
and have them so made up; they used to make them up, and to have them made up,
into wreaths, of the kind with the stalks together, and of the kind with the
stalks separate 2, of the kind called mañgarikâ 3, of the kind called vidhutikâ
4, of the kind called vatamsaka 5, of the kind
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called âvela 1, of the kind called urakkhada 2;--and they then used to take or
send wreaths of each of these various kinds to the wives and daughters and young
women and sisters-in-law and female slaves in respectable families;--and they
used to eat out of one dish, to drink out of one vessel, to sit on one seat, to
lie on one bed, one mat, one coverlet, with the wives and daughters and young
women and sisters-in-law and female slaves in respectable families;--and they
used to eat food at the wrong time, and to drink strong drink, and to make use
of garlands, and scents, and unguents;--and they used to dance, and sing, and
play music, and wanton, and all these together in every combination.
2. And they used to amuse themselves at games 3 with eight pieces and ten
pieces, and with tossing up, hopping over diagrams formed on the ground, and
removing substances from a heap without shaking the remainder; and with games at
dice, and trap-ball; and with sketching rude figures, tossing balls, blowing
trumpets, having matches at ploughing with mimic ploughs, tumbling, forming
mimic wind-mills, guessing at measures, having
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chariot races, and archery matches, shooting marbles with the fingers, guessing
other people's thoughts, and mimicking other people's acts;--and they used to
practise elephant riding, and horse riding, and carriage driving, and archery,
and swordsmanship;--and they used to run to and fro in front of elephants, and
in front of horses, and in front of carriages and they used to exhibit signs of
anger 1, and to wring their hands 2, and to wrestle 3, and to box with their
fists;--and spreading their robes out as a stage they used to invite dancing
girls, saying, 'Here you may dance, sister!' and greet her with applause 4. Thus
manifold were the evil lives which they practised.
3. Now at that time a certain Bhikkhu who had spent the rainy season in the
country of Kâsi, and was on his way to visit the Blessed One, arrived at the
Kitâ Hill. And that Bhikkhu in the early morning put on his under garment, and
went, duly bowled and robed, to the Kitâ Hill for alms. And he was perfect in
dignity, with his eyes cast down, and pleasing in appearance, whether in going
in or
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in coming out, in looking or in watching, in bending in his arm or in stretching
it forth 1.
Then the people on beholding that Bhikkhu, said, 'Who is this fellow like a fool
of fools, or like an idiot of idiots, or like a simpleton of simpletons 2? Who
would give an alms when this fellow comes near! Now our own masters, the
followers of Assagi and Punabbasu, are gentle, friendly, pleasant in speech,
radiant with smiles, by no means fools, but open in countenance, and the first
to speak. To such now it is fit to give an alms!'
And a certain lay-disciple saw that Bhikkhu as he was going along the Kitâ Hill
for alms. And on seeing him, he went up to the place where he was; and on coming
there he said to that Bhikkhu:
'Has your reverence received an alms?'
'No, my friend, I have received no alms!'
'Come, your reverence! Let us go to my house!' 4. So the lay-disciple took the
Bhikkhu to his house, and gave him to eat, and asked him: 'Whither then is your
reverence going?'
'I am on my way to Sâvatthi, my friend, to visit the Blessed One.'
'Then let your reverence bow down at the feet of the Blessed One in my name, and
say, "The residence on the Kitâ Hill, Lord, has been spoiled. The Bhikkhus who
are followers of Assagi and Punabbasu are dwelling on the Kitâ Hill, wicked
Bhikkhus, and shameless. Such as these are the
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evil practices they follow (&c., as in §§ 1, 2, down to the end). And people,
Lord, who were formerly believers and full of faith, are now become
non-believers and void of faith; the opportunities of alms that were formerly
open to the Samgha are now destroyed; worthy Bhikkhus forsake, and wicked
Bhikkhus dwell in the place. Let, Lord, the Blessed One be pleased to send
(other) Bhikkhus to the Kitâ Hill in order that the residence there may be
re-established."'
5. 'Very well, my friend,' said the Bhikkhu, in assent, to that lay-disciple.
And rising from his seat, he set out for Sâvatthi, and went straight on to
Anâtha-pindika's grove, to the Getavana in Sâvatthi, to the place where the
Blessed One was staying. And on arriving there he saluted the Blessed One, and
took his seat on one side.
Now it is the custom for the Blessed Buddhas to exchange words of greeting with
in-coming Bhikkhus. And the Blessed One said to that Bhikkhu, 'Do things go well
with you, O Bhikkhu? Have you enough for your support? Have you accomplished
your journey without too much fatigue? And whence, O Bhikkhu, have you come?'
'Things go well with me, Lord. I have enough for my support. And I have
accomplished my journey without too much fatigue. I have spent the rainy season,
Lord, in the land of Kâsi; and on my way to Sâvatthi to visit the Blessed One I
arrived at the Kitâ Hill. And after having dressed early in the morning, I went,
Lord, duly bowled and robed, on to the Kitâ Hill for alms. And a certain
lay-disciple saw me (&c., as above, down to the end of § 4, with the alterations
necessary to
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the narrative form of speech). Thence, Lord, am I come.'
6. Then the Blessed One on that occasion, and in that connection, convened a
meeting of the Bhikkhu-Samgha, and asked the Bhikkhus:
'Is it true, O Bhikkhus, as they say, that those Bhikkhus who are followers of
Assagi and Punabbasu, and are dwelling on the Kitâ Hill, are wicked Bhikkhus,
and shameless; and that such are the evil practices they follow (&c., as in § 4,
down to the end)?'
'It is true, Lord.'
The Blessed Buddha rebuked them, saying, 'How can they, O Bhikkhus, foolish
persons that they are, follow such practices as these (&c., as in §§ 1, 2, down
to the end)? This will not conduce, O Bhikkhus, to the conversion of the
unconverted (&c., as usual. Compare chap. 1, § 2, down to the end).'
And when the Blessed Buddha had rebuked them, and had delivered a religious
discourse, he addressed the venerable Sâriputta and Moggallâna, and said, 'Go
now, Sâriputta and Moggallâna 1, to the Kitâ Hill. And on arriving there carry
out the Pabbâganiya-kamma (Act of Banishment 2) against those Bhikkhus who are
followers of Assagi and Punabbasu, to the effect that they may become your
Saddhi-vihârikas 3.'
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'How, Lord, can we carry out the Pabbâganiyakamma against those Bhikkhus who are
followers of Assagi and Punabbasu; for they are passionate men and violent?'
'Then do you go, Sâriputta and Moggallâna, together with a number of Bhikkhus.'
'So be it, Lord!' said Sâriputta and Moggallâna, in assent, to the Blessed One.
7 1. 'Now thus, O Bhikkhus, should it be carried out. In the first place the
Bhikkhus who are followers of Assagi and Punabbasu ought to be warned: when they
have been warned, they ought to be reminded (of the Rule in the Pâtimokkha
against which they have offended); when they have been reminded they ought to be
charged with the offence; when they have been charged some discreet and able
Bhikkhu ought to lay the matter before the Samgha, saying,
"Let the venerable Samgha hear me. These Bhikkhus who are followers of Assagi
and Punabbasu are wicked Bhikkhus and shameless. Their evil practices are both
seen and heard, and also that respectable families have been led astray by them
is seen, too, and heard 2. If the time is fit for the Samgha to do so, let the
Samgha carry out the Pabbâganiyakamma against those Bhikkhus who are followers
of Assagi and Punabbasu, to the effect that the Bhikkhus who are followers
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of Assagi and Punabbasu are not to dwell on the Kitâ Hill'.
'"This is the motion (ñatti).
'"Let the venerable Samgha hear me. These Bhikkhus who are followers of Assagi
and Punabbasu are wicked Bhikkhus and shameless. Their evil practices (&c., as
before, down to) is seen, too, and heard. The Samgha hereby carries out the
Pabbâganiya-kamma against them, to the effect that the Bhikkhus who are
followers of Assagi and Punabbasu are not to dwell on the Kitâ Hill 1. Whosoever
of the venerable ones approves of the carrying out of the Pabbâganiya-kamma
against the followers (&c., as before) to the effect (&c., as before 1) let him
remain silent. Whosoever approves not thereof, let him speak.
'"A second time I say the same thing. Let the venerable Samgha (&c., as before).
A third time I say the same thing. Let the venerable Samgha (&c., as before).
'"The Pabbâganiya-kamma has been carried out by the Samgha against those
Bhikkhus who are followers of Assagi and Punabbasu to the effect that those
Bhikkhus who are followers of Assagi and Punabbasu are not to dwell on the Kitâ
Hill'. The Samgha approves of it. Therefore is it silent. Thus do I
understand."'
Footnotes
347:1 The whole of this chapter recurs in the Sutta Vibhaṅga on the 13th
Samghâdisesa. The proceeding here laid down is really only a later method of
acting under the circumstances similar to those for which that rule had
previously been the authorised dealing.
347:2 The Samanta Pâsâdikâ says, Ekatovantikan ti pupphânam vante ekato katvâ
kata-mâlam. Ubhatovantikan ti ubhohi passehi puppha-vante katvâ kata-mâlam.
347:3 Perhaps 'like an anklet.' The Sam. Pâs. says, Mañgarî viya katâ
puppha-vikati mañgarikâ ti.
347:4 Perhaps 'like a fan.' The Sam. Pâs. says, Vidhutikâ ti sûkiyâ vâ salâkâya
vâ sinduvâra-pupphâdîni vigghitvâ katâ (mâlâ).
347:5 Perhaps 'like a crest.' The Sam. Pâs. says, vatamsako tip. 348 avatamsako.
Compare the close of Rh. D.'s note on vegha for avegha, 'Buddhist Suttas,' p.
37.
348:1 Perhaps 'like an earring.' The Sam. Pâs. says, akelo (sic) ti kannikâ.
Compare Sanskrit âpîda, and Gâtaka, vol. i, pp. 12, 95, 269.
348:2 The Sam. Pâs. says, Urakkhado ti hâra-sadisam ure-thapanaka-puppha dâmam.
'Like mail-armour.'
348:3 All these games are forbidden seriatim in paragraph 4 of the Magghima
Sîla, and the whole list of offences recurs in the Suttavibhaṅga, Samghâdisesa
XIII, 1, 2. See Rh. D., 'Buddhist Suttas from the Pâli,' p. 193. We adhere to
the translations there given and based on the Sumaṅgala Vilâsinî.
349:1 Usselhenti. We are quite uncertain how to render this word. One might be
tempted to think that a denominative verb from ussolhi may have acquired a
technical sense appropriate to this passage. But we do not favour any such
conjectural alteration of the clear reading of the MSS., at all events at
present.
349:2 Appothenti. See Buddhaghosa's note quoted by Rh. D. in his note on the
Book of the Great Decease, II, 19.
349:3 Nibbugghanti, which Buddhaghosa explains by malla-yuddham karonti. Compare
ubbugghati at Kullavagga VIII, lo, and Sutra-vibhaṅga, Pârâgika I, 10, 26.
349:4 The Sam. Pâs. says, Nalâtikam pi denti sâdhu sâdhu bhaginîti attano nalâte
aṅgulim thapetvâ tassâ nalâte thapenti.
350:1 Compare Mahâ-parinibbâna Sutta II, 15.
350:2 The Sam. Pâs. says, Samkutita-mukhatâya bhâkutika-bhâkutikâ viya.
352:1 On this meaning of Sâriputta, see the note on Mahâvagga X, 4, 3.
352:2 That is, out of the particular place where they have caused the scandal,
not of the Order. When they in anger left the Order, their conduct in doing so
is blamed. See chap. 16, § 1.
352:3 See Mahâvagga I, 25, 6, and following, and Kullavagga VIII, 11, 12, and
compare above 9, 1.
353:1 On this section compare chap. 1, § 4, chap. 9, § 2.
353:2 Buddhaghosa points out that whereas the Tagganiya-kamma is directed
against quarrelsomeness, and the nissaya-kamma against foolishness, it is
scandal to the community against which the Pabbâganiya-kamma is directed.
354:1 The corresponding clause to the words 'to the effect,' &c., is wanting in
chap. 1, § 4, but occurs in chap. 9, § 2.
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