MN 59
Bahuvedaniya Sutta
Many Things to be Experienced
Translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
Alternate translation:NyanaponikaThanissaro
PTS: M i 396
This sutta (minus the first sentence and the last two sentences) also
appears at SN 36.19.
Source: Transcribed from a file provided by the translator.
Copyright © 2005 Thanissaro Bhikkhu.
Access to Insight edition © 2005
For free distribution. This work may be republished, reformatted,
reprinted, and redistributed in any medium. It is the author's wish,
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other derivative works be clearly marked as such.
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying near Savatthi in
Jeta's Grove, Anathapindika's monastery.
Then Pañcakanga the carpenter went to Ven. Udayin and, on arrival, having bowed
down to him, sat to one side. As he was sitting there he said to Ven. Udayin,
"Venerable sir, how many feelings has the Blessed One spoken of?"
"Householder, the Blessed One has spoken of three feelings: a feeling of
pleasure, a feeling of pain, a feeling of neither pleasure nor pain. These are
the three feelings the Blessed One has spoken of."
When this was said, Pañcakanga the carpenter said to Ven. Udayin, "The Blessed
One has not spoken of three feelings. He has spoken of two feelings: a feeling
of pleasure and a feeling of pain. As for the feeling of neither pleasure nor
pain, the Blessed One has spoken of it as a refined pleasure."
A second time, Ven. Udayin said to Pañcakanga the carpenter, "Householder, the
Blessed One has not spoken of two feelings. He has spoken of three feelings...
A second time, Pañcakanga the carpenter said to Ven. Udayin, "The Blessed One
has not spoken of three feelings. He has spoken of two feelings...
A third time, Ven. Udayin said to Pañcakanga the carpenter, "Householder, the
Blessed One has not spoken of two feelings. He has spoken of three feelings...
A third time, Pañcakanga the carpenter said to Ven. Udayin, "The Blessed One has
not spoken of three feelings. He has spoken of two feelings...
Neither was Ven. Udayin able to convince Pañcakanga the carpenter, nor was
Pañcakanga the carpenter able to convince Ven. Udayin.
Now, Ven. Ananda overheard this discussion between Ven. Udayin and Pañcakanga.
So he went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down to him, sat to
one side. As he was sitting there he told the Blessed One of the entire
discussion between Ven. Udayin and Pañcakanga.
[The Blessed One said:] "Ananda, true was the exposition that Pañcakanga the
carpenter would not accept from Ven. Udayin. And true was the exposition that
Ven. Udayin would not accept from Pañcakanga the carpenter. There is the
exposition by which I have spoken of two feelings, the exposition by which I
have spoken of three feelings ... five feelings ... six feelings ... eighteen
feelings ... 36 feelings ... 108 feelings.1 Thus I have taught the Dhamma by
means of exposition. When I have taught the Dhamma by means of exposition, it
can be expected that when there are those who do not consent to, assent to, or
accept what is well-said and well-stated by one another, there will be arguing,
quarreling, & disputing, and they will dwell wounding one another with the sword
of the tongue. Thus I have taught the Dhamma by means of exposition. When I have
taught the Dhamma by means of exposition, it can be expected that when there are
those who do consent to, assent to, & accept what is well-said and well-stated
by one another, they will live in harmony, with courtesy, without quarreling,
like milk mixed with water, regarding one another with friendly eyes.
"Ananda, there are these five strings of sensuality. Which five? Forms
cognizable via the eye — agreeable, pleasing, charming, endearing, fostering
desire, enticing. Sounds cognizable via the ear... Aromas cognizable via the
nose... Flavors cognizable via the tongue... Tactile sensations cognizable via
the body — agreeable, pleasing, charming, endearing, fostering desire, enticing.
Now whatever pleasure or happiness arises in dependence on these five strands of
sensuality, that is called sensual pleasure. Though some might say, 'That is the
highest pleasure that beings experience,' I would not grant them that. Why is
that? Because there is another pleasure, more extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk — quite withdrawn from sensual pleasures, withdrawn
from unskillful qualities — enters & remains in the first jhana: rapture &
pleasure born from withdrawal, accompanied by directed thought & evaluation.
This is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that. Though some might
say, 'That is the highest pleasure that beings experience,' I would not grant
them that. Why is that? Because there is another pleasure, more extreme &
refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the stilling of directed thoughts & evaluations,
enters & remains in the second jhana: rapture & pleasure born of composure,
unification of awareness free from directed thought & evaluation — internal
assurance. This is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that. Though
some might say, 'That is the highest pleasure that beings experience,' I would
not grant them that. Why is that? Because there is another pleasure, more
extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the fading of rapture, he remains in equanimity,
is mindful & alert, and senses pleasure with the body. He enters & remains in
the third jhana, of which the Noble Ones declare, 'Equanimous & mindful, he has
a pleasurable abiding.' This is another pleasure more extreme & refined than
that. Though some might say, 'That is the highest pleasure that beings
experience,' I would not grant them that. Why is that? Because there is another
pleasure, more extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the abandoning of pleasure & stress — as with the
earlier disappearance of elation & distress — enters & remains in the fourth
jhana: purity of equanimity & mindfulness, neither-pleasure-nor-pain. This is
another pleasure more extreme & refined than that. Though some might say, 'That
is the highest pleasure that beings experience,' I would not grant them that.
Why is that? Because there is another pleasure, more extreme & refined than
that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the complete transcending of perceptions of
[physical] form, with the disappearance of perceptions of resistance, and not
heeding perceptions of diversity, [perceiving,] 'Infinite space,' enters &
remains in the dimension of the infinitude of space. This is another pleasure
more extreme & refined than that. Though some might say, 'That is the highest
pleasure that beings experience,' I would not grant them that. Why is that?
Because there is another pleasure, more extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the complete transcending of the dimension of the
infinitude of space, [perceiving,] 'Infinite consciousness,' enters & remains in
the dimension of the infinitude of consciousness. This is another pleasure more
extreme & refined than that. Though some might say, 'That is the highest
pleasure that beings experience,' I would not grant them that. Why is that?
Because there is another pleasure, more extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the complete transcending of the dimension of the
infinitude of consciousness, [perceiving,] 'There is nothing,' enters & remains
in the dimension of nothingness. This is another pleasure more extreme & refined
than that. Though some might say, 'That is the highest pleasure that beings
experience,' I would not grant them that. Why is that? Because there is another
pleasure, more extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the complete transcending of the dimension of
nothingness, enters & remains in the dimension of neither perception nor
non-perception. This is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that.
Though some might say, 'That is the highest pleasure that beings experience,' I
would not grant them that. Why is that? Because there is another pleasure, more
extreme & refined than that.
"And what, Ananda, is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that? There
is the case where a monk, with the complete transcending of the dimension of
neither perception nor non-perception, enters & remains in the cessation of
perception & feeling. This is another pleasure more extreme & refined than that.
Now it's possible, Ananda, that some wanderers of other persuasions might say,
'Gotama the contemplative speaks of the cessation of perception & feeling and
yet describes it as pleasure. What is this? How can this be?' When they say
that, they are to be told, 'It's not the case, friends, that the Blessed One
describes only pleasant feeling as included under pleasure. Wherever pleasure is
found, in whatever terms, the Blessed One describes it as pleasure.'"
That is what the Blessed One said. Gratified, Ven. Ananda delighted in the
Blessed One's words.
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