Maha Buddhavamsa
The Great Chronicle of The Buddhas
by Tipitakadhara Mingun Sayadaw
Parami Classification
To the question, "How many parami?," The answer in brief
is: there are thirty parami, namely, the Ten regular Perfection
(Parami), Ten higher Perfection (Upa parami), and
ten highest perfection (paramattha parami).
(In connection with the Fund, there are Dana parami, Dana Upa parami,
and Dana paramattha parami; as well as nine
Other parami such precepts, nekkhama, and others, respectively
has three types so that all the Ten parami
thirty).
Parami, Upa parami, and paramattha parami
To the question "What is parami, Upa parami, and paramattha
Parami? "The answer is in Chapter Other, the comments
against Cariyà Pitaka. Commentators to answer this question
with clear and detailed, giving a wide interpretation,
views and comments from various teachers. Lists
everything here will only confuse the reader;
so we only include comments from Maha Thera
Dhammaphàla.
(1) Giving out someone objects such as wives, children,
assets are dana parami; give organs
such as hands, feet, etc., is the Dana Upa parami;
giving life is dana paramattha parami.
(2) Similarly, morality and not undergoing violating
of objects owned by others such as wives, children, property
is Sila parami; undergo precepts and do
violation with respect to organs such as
hands, feet, etc. is Sila Upa parami; undergo
precepts and not in violation with respect to
person's life is Sila paramattha parami.
(3) Cut off attachment to external objects and
leave the home life is Nekkhamma
Parami; cut off attachment to the body organs
such as hands, feet, etc. and leave the
household life is Nekkhamma Upa parami; cut off
attachment to life and leave the household life
is Nekkhamma paramattha parami.
(4) Repeal the attachment to external objects and
decide unequivocally what works and what
not bemanfaat is Panna parami; revoke attachment
of body parts such as hands, feet, etc.
and decided without a doubt what is beneficial and what
is not beneficial is Panna Upa parami; repeal
attachment to life and decided without hesitation
what works and what does not works is
Panna paramattha parami.
(5) Trying to meet all parami is viriya parami;
trying to meet all Upa parami is viriya Upa
Parami; trying to meet all paramattha parami is
Viriya paramattha parami.
(6) Patience in the face of changes that endanger
objects outside the Khanti parami; patience in the face
changes that harm the organs of the body such as hands,
feet, and others are Khanti Upa parami; patient in
face the changes that endanger the lives
is Khanti paramattha parami.
(7) Leave no truth in relation to the
external objects is Sacca parami; not leave the truth
with respect to organs such as hands, feet, etc.
is the Sacca Upa parami; not leave the truth
in connection with his life is Sacca paramattha
Parami.
(8) roundness determination unshakeable even by
risk of destruction of objects outside the mind "parami
such funds, and so on, can only be met by
an unshakeable determination" is Adhitthàna
Parami; determination unshakeable even though
with the risk of destruction of body parts such as hands, feet,
and others are Adhitthàna Upa parami; determination
that not deterred even at the risk of destruction
life is Adhitthàna paramattha parami.
(9) Not leaving loving-kindness to all beings (continued
constantly radiate loving-kindness to all beings)
even if it resulted in the destruction of external objects
is Metta parami; Not leaving loving-kindness for the
all creatures even if it resulted in the destruction of the organ
body such as hands, feet, and others is metta Upa
Parami; not leave the lovingkindness of all creatures
even if it resulted in the destruction of life is
Metta paramattha parami.
(10) Maintaining a balance of creatures and
their will regardless of whether they help
or dangering outside objects is upekkha parami;
maintain a balance of creatures and will
of them regardless of whether they help or
harm organs such as hands, feet, etc.
is upekkha Upa parami; maintain a balance of
beings and their will without regard to
whether they help or harm the life
is upekkha paramattha parami.
Thus the explanation of the parami classification .
What is the summary of parami?
To the question, "What is the sum of the parami?" The answer
are:
Thirtieth parami can be reduced to ten with
grouping features in common, the same three parami be
one (three types of funds parami into one, three kinds of Sila parami
into one, and so on. Next Ten parami can
be reduced to six by grouping that has
related traits, parami Dana, Sila parami, Khanti parami,
Viriya parami, parami jhana, and Panna parami.
How to classify them as follows: Letting
worldliness (Nekkhamma) means living the life
meditation, jhana and common virtues. Nekkhamma here
in the sense of living an ascetic life can be considered as
Sila parami, because both have similar traits. So
Nekkhamma also in the sense of Jhana, free from obstacles (nivarana)
can be considered jhana parami; and Nekkhamma within the meaning of virtue
generally included in all six parami.
There are three types of honesty: Honesty in speech (vacisacca);
abstain from the lie (viratisacca) which is
inner factor of speaking correctly (Sammàvàca); and Wisdom
honesty (Nanasacca) which is the inner factor of
wisdom (Panna). (Nibbana which is the truth
absolute, paramattha Sacca, not relevant here). Vacisacca and
viratisacca because it deals with the Precepts are grouped in
Sila parami; Nanasacca which is the inner factor of wisdom
grouped in Panna parami.
Metta parami because it has properties similar to jhana
Parami thus grouped in Jhana parami.
Upekkha parami comprising Tatramajjhattatà factors and wisdom;
Tatramajjhattatà can be grouped in Jhana parami because
related, and Panna factors because the same as Nanupekkha
can be grouped in Panna parami.
Adhitthàna parami should be included in all six
Parami-Dana, Sila, Khanti, viriya, Jhana, and Panna. Roundness
an unwavering determination of actions grouped Fund
in the fund parami; so that no determination
immovable in matters relating to the Precepts, Khanti,
Viriya, jhana, and Panna parami grouped according to their
respectively.
Making the benefits of Six Pairs parami
Six summary parami, namely, Dana, Sila, Khanti, viriya, jhana, and
Panna, fifteen pairs can be formed as follows:
(I) Fund and the Precepts;
(Ii) Funds and Khanti;
(Iii) funds and viriya;
(Iv) funds and jhana;
(V) funds and wisdom;
(Vi) Sila and Khanti;
(Vii) Sila and viriya;
(Viii) Sila and jhana;
(Ix) Sila and wisdom;
(X) Khanti and viriya;
(Xi) Khanti and jhana;
(Xii) Khanti and wisdom;
(Xiii) viriya and jhana;
(Xiv) viriya and wisdom;
(Xv) and Panna jhana;
Bodhisatta managed to do:
(A) Through the couple Dana and Sila, dual virtues do
what is beneficial for other creatures and shun
from what is harmful to other creatures;
(B) Through the Fund and Khanti pair, double virtue of not
greedy and do not hate;
(C) Through the Fund and viriya pair, double virtue of the
generous trait and effort to learn;
(D) Through the Fund and jhana pair, double virtue of
leave the pleasures of sense and dislike;
(E) Through the couple Dana and Panna, double virtue of
Clear view of concentration and meditation, and also virtues
doubles from books pariyatti and meditation;
(F) Through partners and Khanti Sila, double virtue of his sacred
deeds and sayings, and sacred mental properties;
(G) Through partners and viriya Sila, double virtue of
Clear view of concentration and meditation;
(H) Through partner Sila and jhana, the double virtue of
leave vitikkama kilesa and pariyutthana kilesa;
(Vitikkama kilesa is dirt that cause crime
in action and speech; are eliminated through the Sila.
Pariyutthana kilesa is active impurities in the mind
are eliminated through jhana);
(I) Through the couple Sila and Panna, funds of funds double
safety (Abhaya funds) and fund the Dhamma (Dhamma
funds); funds salvation is possible only if
have the Sila, and fund the Dhamma is only possible
if it has Panna;
(J) Through partners and viriya Khanti, double quality of
patience and perseverance. (Changes in life just
can be overcome by patience, and only with effort,
virtues can be carried out diligently and enthusiastically);
(K) Through partner Khanti and jhana, double benefit of
disappear hostility arising from dislike
and passion that comes from greed; (without Khanti
someone challenged by aspects of the world dislikes
These are sourced from dislike; without jhana someone
be covered by the preferred aspects of the world that
sourced from greed);
(L) Through partner Khanti and Panna, double benefit of
understanding of no-self in a few names and
Clear view to Nibbana penetration;
(M) Through partner viriya and jhana, double benefit from the effort
(Paggaha) and balanced state of mind (avikkhepa);
(N) through a pair viriya and Panna, a double benefit as
shelter from the other creatures and himself
(shelter other creatures through
Viriya; shelter themselves malalui Panna);
(O) through a pair jhana and Panna, double benefit of
Clear view of concentration and meditation.
Benefits Grouping in Three
(By the same token, there are benefits in
parami classifying in groups of threes).
Bodhisatta successfully achieve the benefits of three as follows:
(1) avoid greed, hatred, and delusion, the three roots
crime, through a group of Dana, Sila, and Khanti;
(2) explore the core of one's wealth, one's physical
and the person's life; (with respect to five enemies,
wealth and property has no intrinsic value; only serves
for granted, Dana; because it can be exposed to various diseases,
has no physical substance; pointless simply to
through regulation, Sila; to end in destruction,
life has no core; point is to
Clear views of meditation developed. Kanha comment
Jataka of Dasaka nipata explain these things);
(3) virtue Dana, Sila, and Bhavana through a group of three funds,
Sila, and jhana; and
(4) three types of administration, namely, the provision of material objects,
gift of salvation, and giving the Dhamma, through
Fund groups, Sila, and Panna, (giving the objects
material through the Fund, gift of salvation through the Sila and
giving the Dhamma through Panna).
So for the benefit of three times and four
times through the three-three-and four-four groups must be
understood in each case.
Six parami In Four Platform (Adhitthàna)
After seeing how the Ten parami can be grouped
in six groups by combining the parami
like, now we'll see how six of this group
can be included in the four foundations:
(I) Platform Honesty (Saccàdhitthàna)
(Ii) Platform Release (Càgàdhitthàna)
(Iii) Peace Platform (Upasamàdhitthàna)
(Iv) The cornerstone of Wisdom (Pannàdhitthàna)
(I) means the foundation of Honesty: Nibbana
is the absolute truth, paramattha Sacca together
equal to the initial training that leads to Nibbana
(Pubbabhaga patipada), ie, honesty in speech
(Vacisacca), avoid lies (virati Sacca) that
is the inner factor of speaking correctly (sammàvàca), and
honesty policy (Nànasacca) which is a factor
of inner wisdom (panna). (Vacisacca, viratisacca, and
Nànasacca form the foundation support for Bodhisatta
to survive in the variety of life during
meet parami and in life when he became
Buddhist, Nibbana as paramattha Sacca form
foundation supporters when he became Buddha. By
therefore they are Saccàdhitthàna).
(Ii) basis point release are: Release and
revocation of all defilements without rest through Arahatta-
Magga and release, at an early stage while still a
Bodhisatta, he let go of the objects of senses and the passions
senses through fulfillment parami such funds, and others.
(During a meeting parami as Bodhisatta, he does not
can disconnect and unplug the defilements without rest;
can only release the objects of sense as much as possible
through dana parami, and others, and get rid of lust
of senses for a while (tadangapahàna) and keep
(Vikkhambhanapahàna); only in this way can Bodhisatta
build the foundation for her supporters stand. Only
when he reached Arahatta-Phala and Omniscience,
He managed to break completely and remove dirt
mind without rest. Therefore, the total release and revocation
defilements through Arahatta-Magga and get rid of
objects of the senses for a while or keep him away
is Càgadhitthàna).
(Iii) The basis point is serenity: peace of the total
of all the 'fever defilements' through Arahatta-Magga,
relieve suffering in the cycle of birth, when
Nibbana is reached, and get rid of "defilement fever '
temporarily or distanced through the fulfillment parami
such funds, and others while still a Bodhisatta.
(As in the fulfillment of parami as Bodhisatta,
'Fever defilements' and suffering caused
by the cycle of birth can not be removed completely.
But through parami such funds, and others who became
tool to get rid of them, get rid Bodhisatta
'Fever defilements' for a while or keep him away.
Only with such exercises, Bodhisatta build
a foundation for her support while standing.
Only after he attained Buddhahood, he can
create a permanent support base through removal of
'Fever defilements' and suffering caused by
round of births in total. Therefore, calming
'Fever defilements' and suffering in the loop
birth is Upasamàdhitthàna).
(Iv) The basis point is Wisdom: The view Clear
Arahatta-Phala, Omniscience and all kinds of wisdom
such upaya-kosalla Nana, and others have emerged yag
earlier in the inner Bodhisatta. (In his life
as Bodhisatta, he remains at the discretion of the
shape like Upaya-kosalla Nana, and others.
Only when he attained Buddhahood he succeeded
create a permanent support base through the
Clear view Arahatta-Phala and Omniscience. Therefore,
all kinds of wisdom mentioned above is
Pannàdhitthàna).
In a world of fools who rely solely on
the objects of sensual desire and the senses, the objects of senses and the passions
These senses are the foundation for them. But for Bodhisatta
who see clearly the dangers in these objects and sensual lust,
He built the four foundations for himself that is, Sacca, CagA,
upasama, and wisdom that left the objects of sense and
sensual lust and to freedom of Nibbana. Therefore
this four factor are the supporters basis for Bodhisatta .
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