Jataka Vol. I: Book I.--Ekanipāta: No. 136. Suvaṇṇahaṁsa-Jātaka
No. 136.
SUVAṆṆAHAṀSA-JĀTAKA.
"Contented be."--This story was told by the Master about a Sister named Fat
Nandā.
A lay-brother at Sāvatthi had offered the Sisterhood a supply of garlic, and,
sending for his bailiff; had given orders that, if they should come, each Sister
was to receive two or three handfuls. After that they made a practice [475] of
coming
p. 293
to his house or field for their garlic. Now one holiday the supply of garlic in
the house ran out, and the Sister Fat Nandā, coming with others to the house,
was told, when she said she wanted some garlic, that there was none left in the
house, it had all been used up out of hand, and that she must go to the field
for it. So away to the field she went and carried off an excessive amount of
garlic. The bailiff grew angry and remarked what a greedy lot these Sisters
were! This piqued the more moderate Sisters; and the Brethren too were piqued at
the taunt when the Sisters repeated it to them, and they told the Blessed One.
Rebuking the greed of Fat Nandā, the Master said, "Brethren, a greedy person is
harsh and unkind even to the mother who bore him; a greedy person cannot convert
the unconverted, or make the converted grow in grace, or cause alms to come in,
or save them when come in; whereas the moderate person can do all these things."
In such wise did the Master point the moral, ending by saying, "Brethren, as Fat
Nandā is greedy now, so she was greedy in times gone by." And thereupon he told
the following story of the past.
_____________________________
Once upon a time when Brahmadatta was reigning in Benares, the Bodhisatta was
born a Brahmin, and growing up was married to a bride of his own rank, who bore
him three daughters named Nandā, Nanda-vatī and Sundari-nandā. The Bodhisatta
dying, they were taken in by neighbours and friends, whilst he was born again
into the world as a golden mallard endowed with consciousness of its former
existences. Growing up, the bird viewed its own magnificent size and golden
plumage, and remembered that previously it had been a human being. Discovering
that his wife and daughters were living on the charity of others, the mallard
bethought him of his plumage like hammered and beaten gold and how by giving
them a golden feather at a time he could enable his wife and daughters to live
in comfort. So away he flew to where they dwelt and alighted on the top of the
central beam of the roof. Seeing the Bodhisatta, [476] the wife and girls asked
where he had come from; and he told them that he was their father who had died
and been born a golden mallard, and that he had come to visit them and put an
end to their miserable necessity of working for hire. "You shall have my
feathers," said he, "one by one, and they will sell for enough to keep you all
in ease and comfort." So saying, he gave them one of his feathers and departed.
And from time to time he returned to give them another feather, and with the
proceeds of their sale these brahmin-women grew prosperous and quite well-to-do.
But one day the mother said to her daughters, "There's no trusting animals, my
children. Who's to say your father might not go away one of these days and never
come back again? Let us use our time and pluck him clean next time he comes, so
as to make sure of all his feathers." Thinking this would pain him, the
daughters refused. The mother in her greed called the golden mallard to her one
day when he came, and then took him with both hands and plucked him. Now the
Bodhisatta's feathers had this property that if
p. 294
they were plucked out against his wish, they ceased to be golden and became like
a crane's feathers. And now the poor bird, though he stretched his wings, could
not fly, and the woman flung him into a barrel and gave him food there. As time
went on his feathers grew again (though they were plain white ones now), and he
flew away to his own abode and never came back again.
_____________________________
At the close of this story the Master said, "Thus you see, Brethren, how Fat
Nandā was as greedy in times past as she is now. And her greed then lost her the
gold in the same way as her greed now will lose her the garlic. Observe,
moreover, how her greed has deprived the whole Sisterhood of their supply of
garlic, and learn therefrom to be moderate in your desires and to be content
with what is given you, however small that may be." So saying, he uttered this
stanza:--
Contented be, nor itch for further store.
They seized the swan--but had its gold no more.
So saying, the Master soundly rebuked the erring Sister and laid down the
precept that any Sister who should eat garlic would have to do penance. Then,
[477] making the connexion, he said, "Fat Nandā was the brahmin's wife of the
story, her three sisters were the brahmin's three daughters, and I myself the
golden mallard."
[Note. The story occurs at pp. 258-9 of Vol. IV. of the Vinaya. Cf. La poule aux
œufs d’or in La Fontaine (v. 13) &c.]
Next: No. 137. Babbu-Jātaka
No comments:
Post a Comment