Jataka Vol. II: Book III. Tika-Nipāta: No. 258. Mandhātu-Jātaka
p. 216
No. 258 1.
MANDHĀTU-JĀTAKA.
"Wherever sun and moon," etc. This story the Master told during a stay at
Jetavana, about a backsliding brother.
We are told that this brother, in traversing Sāvatthi for his alms, saw a finely
dressed woman and fell in love with her. Then the Brethren led him to the Hall
of Truth, and informed the Master that he was a backslider. The Master asked
whether it were true; and was answered, yes, it was. [311]
"Brother," said the Master, "when will you ever satisfy this lust, even while
you are a householder? Such lust is as deep as the ocean, nothing can satisfy
it. In former days there have been supreme monarchs, who attended by their
retinue of men held sway over the four great continents encircled by two
thousand isles, ruling even in the heaven of the four great kings, even when
they were kings of the gods in the Heaven of the Thirty Three, even in the abode
of the Thirty Six Sakkas,--even these failed to satisfy their lust, and died
before they could do so; when will you be able to satisfy it?" And he told an
old-world tale.
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Long ago, in the early ages of the world, there lived a king named Mahāsammata,
and he had a sun Roja, who had a son Vararoja, who had a son Kalyāṇa, who had a
son Varakalyāṇa, and Varakalyāṇa had a son named Uposatha, and Uposatha had a
son Mandhātā. Mandhātā was endowed with the Seven Precious Things and the Four
Supernatural Powers; and he was a great monarch. When he clenched his left hand,
and then touched it with his right, there fell a rain of seven kinds of jewels,
knee-deep, as though a celestial rain-cloud had arisen in the sky; so wondrous a
man was he. Eighty-four thousand years he was a prince, the same number he took
some share in ruling the kingdom, and even so many years he ruled as supreme
king; his life lasted for countless ages.
One day, he could not satisfy some desire, so he showed signs of discontent.
"Why are you cast down, my lord?" the courtiers asked him.
"When the power of my merit is considered, what is this kingdom? Which place
seems worth desiring?"
"Heaven, my lord."
p. 217
So rolling along the Wheel of Empire, with his suite [312] he went to the heaven
of the four great kings. The four kings, with a great throng of gods, came to
meet him in state, bearing celestial flowers and perfumes; and having escorted
him into their heaven, gave him rule over it. There he reigned in state, and a
long time went by. But not there either could he satisfy his craving; and so he
began to look sick with discontent.
"Why, mighty king," said the four monarchs, "are you unsatisfied? "And the king
replied,
"What place is more lovely than this heaven?"
They answered, "My lord, we are like servants. The Heaven of the Thirty-three is
more lovely than this!"
Mandhātā set the Wheel of Empire a-rolling, and with his court all round him
turned his face to the Heaven of the Thirty-three. And Sakka, king of the Gods,
bearing celestial flowers and perfumes, in the midst of a great throng of gods,
came to meet him in state, and taking charge of him showed him the way he should
go. At the time when the king was marching amidst the throng of gods, his eldest
son took the Wheel of Empire, and descending to the paths of men, came to his
own city. Sakka led Mandhātā into the Heaven of the Thirty-three, and gave him
the half of his own kingdom. After that the two of them ruled together. Time
went on, until Sakka had lived for sixty times an hundred thousand years, and
thirty millions of years, then was born on earth again; another Sakka grew up,
and he too reigned, and lived his life, and was born on earth. In this way six
and thirty Sakkas followed one after another. Still Mandhātā reigned with his
crowd of courtiers round him. As time went on, the force of his passion and
desire grew stronger and stronger.
"What is half a realm to me?" said he in his heart; "I will kill Sakka, and
reign alone!" But kill Sakka he could not. This desire and greed of his was the
root of his misfortune. The power of his life began to wane; old age seized upon
him; [313] but a human body does not disintegrate in heaven. So from heaven he
fell, and descended in a park. The gardener made known his coming to the royal
family; they came and appointed him a resting-place in the park; there lay the
king in lassitude and weariness. The courtiers asked him,
"My lord, what word shall we take from you?"
"Take from me," quoth he, "this message to the people: Mandhātā, king of kings,
having ruled supreme over the four quarters of the globe, with all the two
thousand islands round about, for a long time having reigned over the people of
the four great kings, having been king of Heaven during the lifetime of six and
thirty Sakkas, now lies dead." With these words he died, and went to fare
according to his deserts.
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p. 218
This tale ended, the Master became perfectly enlightened and uttered the
following stanzas:--
"Wherever sun and moon their courses run
All are Mandhātā's servants, every one:
Where'er earth's quarters see the light of day,
There king Mandhātā holds imperial sway.
"Not though a rain of coins fall from the sky 1
Could anything be found to satisfy.
Pain is desire, and sorrow is unrest:
He that knows this is wise, and he is blest.
"Where longing is, there pleasure takes him wings,
Even though desire be set on heavenly things.
Disciples of the Very Buddha try
To crush out all desire eternally."
[314] When the Master had ended this discourse, he declared the Four Truths, and
identified the Birth:--at the conclusion of the Truths the back-sliding Brother
and many others attained to the Fruit of the First Path:--"At that time, I was
the great king Mandhātā."
Footnotes
216:1 See Divyāvadāna, p. 210; Thibetan Tales, p. 1-20, King Māndhātar. This
king is named as one of the four persons who have attained in their earthly
bodies to glory in the city of the gods; Milinda, iv. 8. 25 (ii. p. 145 in the
trans., S. B. E.).
218:1 See Dhammapada, verses 186 and 187, which are the last two of these
stanzas.
Next: No. 259. Tirīṭa-Vaccha-Jātaka
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