Abhidhammattha Sangaha - Emancipation & Individuals

Abhidhammattha Sangaha ( A Manual of Abhidhamma )

Translated by Narada Maha Thera
Published By the Buddhist Missionary Society

(Vimokkhabhedo)
§7.Tattha anattanupassana attabhinivesam muncanti,
Sunnatanupassana nama vimokkhamukham hoti. Anicca-
nupassana vipallasanimittam muncanti, animittanupassana
nama. Dukkhanupassana tanhapanidhim muncanti, appa-
nihitanupassana nama. Tasma yadi vutthanagaminivi-
passana anattato vipassati, sunnato vimokkho nama hoti
maggo. Yadi aniccato vipassati, animitto vimokkho
nama. Yadi dukkhato vipassati appanihito vimokkho
nama’ti ca maggo vipassanagamanavasena maggavithiyam.
Phalasamapattivithiyam pana yathavuttanayena vipas-
santanam yathasakam phalamuppajjamanam’ pi vipas-
sanagamanavasen’eva sunnatadivimokkho’ti ca pavuccati.
âlambanavasena pana sarasavasena ca namattayam sabbat-
tha sabbesam’ pi samam’eva.
Ayam’ettha vimokkhabhedo.
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(Puggalabhedo)
§8.Ettha pana sotapattimaggam bhavetva ditthivi-
cikicchapahanena pahinapayagamano sattakkhattu-
paramo sotapanno nama hoti.

Sakadagamimaggam bhavetva ragadosamohanam
tanukaratta sakadagami nama hoti. Sakid’eva imam
lokam agantva anagamimaggam bhavetva kamaragavyapa-
danamanavasesappahanena anagami nama hoti, anagantva
itthattam.
Arahattamaggam bhavetva anavasesakilesappahanena
araha nama hoti, Khinasavo loke aggadakkhineyyo.
Ayam’ettha puggalabhedo.
Emancipation
§7.Therein, the contemplation of no-soul, that discards
the clinging to a soul (49), becomes an avenue of Emanci-
pation, and is termed ‘Void-contemplation’. The contem-
plation of impermanence, that discards the signs of false
notion (50), becomes an avenue of Emancipation, and is
termed ‘Signless-contemplation’. The contemplation of
suffering, that discards the hankering of attachment (51),
becomes an avenue of Emancipation, and is termed
‘Unhankering-contemplation’.
Hence, if with the ‘Emergence Insight leading to the
Path’ one contemplates on no-soul, then the Path is known
as ‘Void-Emancipation’; if one contemplates on imperma-
nence, then the Path is known as ‘Signless-Emancipation;
if one contemplates on sorrow, then the Path is known as
‘Unhankering-Emancipation’. Thus the Path receives
three names according to the way of Insight. Likewise, the
Fruit, (occurring) in the Path thought-process, receives

these three names according to the way of the Path.
However, in the thought-process as regards the
attainment to fruition, to those who contemplate in the
foregoing manner, the Fruits that arise according to the
Paths, are termed ‘Void-Emancipation’ etc., only in accord-
ance with the way of Insight. But, as regards objects and
respective functions, the triad of names is applied equally
to all (Paths and Fruits) everywhere.
Herein this is the section on Emancipation.
Individuals
§8.Herein, developing the Path of Stream-Attainment
(52), eradicating false views and doubts, and escaping
from going to woeful states, one becomes a Stream-
Winner who is born seven times at most.
Developing the Path of Once-Returning (53), and
attenuating lust, hatred, and ignorance, one becomes a
Once-Returner, returning to this world only once.
Developing the Path of Never-Returning (54), and
totally eradicating sensual desires and hatred, one be-
comes a Never-Returner, not returning to this (Sentient)
State.
Developing the Path of the Worthy, and totally erad-
icating all defilements, one becomes a Worthy One (55),
who is free from Corruptions, and who is fit to receive the
highest offerings in this world (56).
Herein this is the section on Individuals.

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Notes:—
Section 7
49.Attabhinivesa—The stronghold of a soul like the
doer of action, the reaper of fruit, ‘this is my soul’
50.Vipallasanimittam—Three vipallasas or misconcep-
tions are discarded by meditating on impermanence.
They are ‘erroneous perception’ (sannavipallasa),
‘erroneous ideas’ (cittavipallasa), and ‘erroneous
views’ (ditthivipallasa). On account of these three
misconceptions people regard what is impermanent
as permanent.
51.Tanhapanidhi—Such hankerings like ‘this is mine’,
‘this is happiness’.
Section 8
52.Sotapanno—One who has entered the stream that
leads to Nibbana for the first time. There are three
classes of Sotapannas — namely,
i.Those who will be born seven times at most in
heavenly and earthly realms (sattakkhattupa-
rama). Before seeking an eighth birth, they attain
Arahantship.
ii.Those who seek birth in noble families two or three
times before they attain Arahantship (kolamkola).

iii.Those who are born only once more before they
attain Arahantship (ekabiji).
A sotapanna has unshakable confidence in the
Buddha, Dhamma, and the Sangha. He neither vio-
lates the five Precepts nor commits the heinous
crimes. Free from birth in woeful states, he is ever
destined for enlightenment.
53.Sakadagami—One who returns to this world of
human beings only once. After attaining Sakadagami
in this life, he may be born in a heavenly realm and
attain Arahantship seeking birth in the human plane.
There are five kinds of Sakadagamis — namely,
i.Those who attain Sakadagami here and attain
Parinibbana here itself.
ii.Those who attain Sakadagami in a heavenly realm
and attain Parinibbana there.
iii.Those who attain Sakadagami here and attain
Parinibbana in a heavenly realm.
iv.Those who attain Sakadagami in a heavenly realm
and attain Parinibbana in this human plane.
v.Those who attain Sakadagami here and, having
being born in a heavenly realm, seek birth in this
human plane and attain Parinibbana.

54. Anagami—One who will not return to this Sense-
sphere (Kamaloka). Such beings are born in the ‘Pure
Abodes’ (Suddhavasa), higher Brahma realms where
Anagamis abide till they attain Arahantship.
There are five classes of Anagamis:—
i.Those who attain Parinibbana within the first half
life-span in the Pure Abodes (antaraparinibbayi).
ii.Those who attain Parinibbana having lived more
than half a life-span (upahaccaparinibbayi).
iii.Those who attain Parinibbana with exertion
(sasankhara parinibbayi).
iv.Those who attain Parinibbana without exertion
(asankharaparinibbayi).
v.Those who, passing beyond one Brahma realm to
another higher Brahma realm, attain Parinibbana
in the Highest Brahma realm (uddhamsota
akanitthagami).
55.Khinasavo—synonymous with an Arahant, a Worthy
One, because he has destroyed all the defilements.